nervous tissue histology ppt

This is why doctors must take extra caution when prescribing medication to these people. They also have cilia on their apical surface to help move the CSF through the ventricular space. And there are many different types of neurons. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. Much like the male, the female reproductive system is also designed for reproduction and sexual pleasure. By examining a thin slice of bone tissue under a microscope, colorized with special staining techniques, you see that these seemingly simple bones are actually a complex microworld containing an array of structures with various different functions. The neuronal bodies within the grey matter are organized into layers (laminae). Download Presentation Histology of Nervous Tissue An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb. The spleen on the other hand, filters blood. The integumentary system consists of the skin and skin appendages. Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. Using the standard model of neurons, one of these processes is the axon, and the rest are dendrites. After preparation, the tissue is stained. A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. Mesenchymal cells are undifferentiated cells, which means they are capable of differentiating into any type of connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes etc.). The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Tissues. Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. Electron microscopy (EM) is a more modern form of microscopy that provides a much higher magnification and high resolution images. This system delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues, and returns deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart and lungs. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Correct answer 2. 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. This is done by the use of a complementary nucleotide probe, which contains a radioactive or fluorescent label. Kenhub. Neuroglia. Neurons of the cerebral cortex are of varying shapes and sizes, but the most obvious arepyramidal cells. Since tissues are normally colourless, applying a dye to the tissue section allows the cells and their components to be seen under a microscope. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon. Confusingly, structures within white and grey matter are referred to by different terms, depending on whether they are located in the CNS or the PNS. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. Reading time: 28 minutes. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. Primarily, the PNS is made up of the axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located within the CNS (within the brain for cranial nerves and the spinal cord for peripheral nerves yet another way to divide the nervous system based on location). These hormones regulate a variety of processes, such as metabolism, growth and blood pressure. Cerebellar . If you were to look at some bones on a skeleton, youd see a greyish rigid mass with some bumps and depressions. within limits that maintain life. Neurons. Neurons are the cells considered to be the basis of nervous tissue. Light microscopes (or optical microscopes), use a combination of visible light and lenses to create a magnified image. Neurons are characterized by a large cell body or perikaryon containing a large, pale (active, euchromatic) nucleus with a prominentnucleolus. Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. The cells of the genital ducts and glands produce secretions to support this process. The ependymal cell is a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that circulates through the CNS. Two nodes of Ranvier are circled in Figure 9 below. That single axon can branch repeatedly to communicate with many target cells. A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. Read more. The gray matter contains relatively more neuronal and glial perikarya, as well as non-myelinated (e.g. Histology. Did you know that the only thing preventing all the water in your body from leaking out through your skin are the tight junctions between the keratinocytes? It is specialized tissue found in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. Muscle tissue maintains synthesizing and contractile functions. Remember, a nerve is a bundle of axons, running in parallel, in the PNS. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. In the PNS, myelin is produced by Schwann cells, which wrap around the axon. A longitudinal section of a nerve looks very different than a transverse section: In a longitudinal section of a nerve (Figure 9), the axons stain darker and are visible as purple lines. Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. The male reproductive system consist of the internal genitalia (testes, genital ducts and accessory genital glands) and external genitalia (penis and scrotum). The predominant cells visible on the slide are called pyramidal cells (named for their triangular shape). A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). Astrocytes in the CNS provide metabolic support for neurons and play an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (see slide 13270 astrocytes View Virtual Slide). Calcific bodies are present in the choroid plexus, another common site of accumulation as the years pass. Ongoing research into these cells, although not entirely conclusive, suggests that they may originate as white blood cells, called macrophages, that become part of the CNS during early development. Once urine is formed from the ultrafiltrate, it travels through the excretory pathway of tubes, all of which are lined by transitional epithelium with the exception of some parts of the urethra. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. Multipolar neurons are all of the neurons that are not unipolar or bipolar. Be able to identify tissues in the nervous system (nerves, cell bodies and ganglia, and white vs. gray matter in the spinal cord, cerebellum, and cerebrum). Slide 66a View Virtual Slide shows a section of thoracic spinal cord. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. Ependymal cells line each ventricle, one of four central cavities that are remnants of the hollow center of the neural tube formed during the embryonic development of the brain, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. Resources in the University of Michigan Histology Dropbox, Slide 065-1N spinal chord Masson cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-2 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-1 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 066a thoracic spinal cord thoracic spinal cord luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. Correct answer 4. The axons of pyramidal cells will descend through the interior white matter of the cerebrum into the three parts of the brainstem: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). Pulmonary capillaries come into close contact with the alveoli, forming the blood-air barrier. Contrast the differences in the histological appearance of a pyramidal cell versus a Purkinje cell. The nucleus is considered to be the brain of the cell. These include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes just to name a few. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). In terms of clinical significance, the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to damage in severe circulatory failure and by anoxia of persistent severe seizures. Those processes extend to interact with neurons, blood vessels, or the connective tissue covering the CNS that is called the pia mater (Figure 4). In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn.